What is SCADA system

SCADA(Supervisory

Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system refers to the data acquisition and monitoring control system. SCADA system is a computer-based DCS and power automation monitoring system; It has a wide range of applications, including data collection and monitoring control, as well as process control in fields such as power, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, gas, and railway. SCADA system is a computer-based production process control and scheduling automation system. It can monitor and control the operating equipment on site.Due to different requirements for SCADA in various application fields,，

So the development of SCADA systems in different application fields is not entirely the same. The SCADA system is widely used in the power system and has the most mature technological development. As the most important subsystem of the Energy Management System (EMS), it has the advantages of complete information, improved efficiency, correct understanding of system operation status, accelerated decision-making, and the ability to quickly diagnose system fault states. It has now become an indispensable tool for power dispatch.

The SCADA system plays an irreplaceable role in improving the reliability, safety, and economic benefits of power grid operation, reducing dispatchers, achieving automation and modernization of power dispatching, and enhancing the efficiency and level of dispatching.Generally speaking, any system with system monitoring and data acquisition functions can be called a SCADA system. Generally speaking, the system consists of two parts: hardware system and software system. SCADA is SupervisoryThe English abbreviation for Control And Data Acquisition,

，The popular term in China is monitoring configuration software. Literally speaking, it is not a complete control system, but a pure software that focuses on management and is located on top of control devices. The control equipment connected to SCADA is usually PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), which can also be smart meters, boards, etc.Since the Industrial Revolution, the development of technology has been moving towards electrical automation. And today automation has indeed made a huge contribution to industrial growth, with significant increases in both production capacity and output. But for today's information age, this is far from enough. In the era of informatization, the circulation of information has become particularly important,

，How to develop data and information flow technology that adapts to industry has become a top priority for enterprise development. Chemical, pharmaceutical, and food production enterprises are often continuous production enterprises. Sometimes, in order to meet production tasks, they produce at night, on weekends, and on holidays. If hidden dangers (or faults) cannot be effectively dealt with as soon as possible, it will not only cause equipment damage and increased maintenance costs, but also cause production to stagnate, resulting in significant losses to enterprise operations.The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a great solution to solve this problem. Make every object in industry intelligent, allowing people and objects to communicate, and things to communicate with each other. Before the Industrial Internet of Things, the monitoring and control drivers for industrial field operating equipment were always data acquisition and monitoring systems (Supervisory Control And Data)

Acquisition， Abbreviated as SCADA). This system is mainly based on computer distributed control system and power automation monitoring system, and is applied in multiple fields such as power, metallurgy, and petroleum. Until today,

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The system has gone through four generations of development, with the latest generation adopting Internet technology, object-oriented technology, neural network technology, and JAVA technology. However, due to the aggregation of OT and IT functions in the era of big data, the requirements for SCADA systems in terms of data are becoming increasingly high. Experts are starting to consider new skills to provide solutions to the data needs.The SCADA system deploys servers on Alibaba Cloud, which not only eliminates implementation costs for enterprises (such as fiber optic cables, cable trays, and server installation), but also enables them to receive DCS alarms or PLC on-site alarm information in real-time (synchronously) regardless of where the leaders at all levels of the production enterprise are located, as long as there is an operator network, improving on-site disposal efficiency and reducing enterprise labor costs.SCADA system featuresHardware systems generally include data acquisition devices, control devices, and data communication devices. SCADA systems are generally implemented through digital or analog signals, and typical acquisition and control devices include switch input/output modules, analog acquisition and control modules, etc. Data communication devices are generally based on data communication methods, including wireless data transmission, fieldbus transmission, TCP/IP network transmission, etc,，

Fiber optic transmission and satellite communication. The computer is placed in the monitoring center to analyze and organize the data transmitted by the system,

，And issue commands to control the system.The data collection and monitoring control software system has the following characteristics:

1. A graphical interface to facilitate people's intuitive monitoring of the entire system,

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And it is very convenient to view the collected data.

2. Dynamic simulation of system status. Monitoring and control systems generally transmit data to the monitoring center in real-time, and dynamic simulation can be used to visually monitor the system.3. Real time data and historical trends. Only by fully recording the real-time data and using relevant calculation methods to calculate the relevant data, can the SCADA system truly play a role.4. Alarm processing system, when the system encounters abnormal situations, the system can issue alarm messages and promptly handle related issues.

5. Data collection and recording, the system collects data distributed in various locations to the monitoring center through relevant data collection equipment,

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And record it for system use.

6. Data analysis: If a system only collects and records data from various collection points, its function is incomplete. Only by conducting relevant analysis on the data and drawing relevant conclusions through analysis to provide reference for people can it truly play a role.

7. Report output: After analyzing the data collected by the system, relevant conclusions are drawn to form report output.

SCADA system functions

The application field of SCADA system is very wide, which can be applied to data acquisition and monitoring control as well as process control in industries such as power, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, gas, railway, etc. The SCADA system uploads the collected data to the cloud server via the operator's network. The cloud service platform mainly consists of functions such as operating status, monitoring data, upper and lower limit settings, parameter settings, SMS voice reminders, data curve graphs, and data statistics tables.The difference between SCADA and DCSThe simplest SCADA can be a computer (or other similar machine), with several control IO cards plugged into the machine and a SCADA software with a user interface, data display, and data processing. No fieldbus, no communication, no PLC, nothing else is needed.As long as data collection, monitoring, and processing of collected data are implemented, it is SCADA. This is SCADA, but it is not DCS. DCS is more complex because it is based on a decentralized control and centralized management model, mainly for risk diversification. So the control layer and management layer need to be separated, which means that the control unit and management unit need to be separated. Secondly,，

There should be 2 or more control units, and if there is only one, how can you distribute control. In addition, fieldbus or communication must be used to connect these units. The topology structure of the connection can be diverse, and the fault cannot spread. For example, when one unit fails and cannot work, other units must be able to continue working without being affected. The minimum system required is at least 2 control units, 1 management unit, and connections between units. As for how complex the control unit is or how complex the management unit is,